Background: Prostate cancer metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and distant sites but the roles of lymphatic and hematogenous pathways in metastasis are not fully understood. Methods: We studied the roles of VEGF-C and VEGFR3 in prostate cancer metastasis by blocking VEGFR3 using intravenous adenovirus-delivered VEGFR3-Ig fusion protein (VEGFR3-Ig) and by ectopic expression of VEGF-C in PC-3 pros

For ionic surfactants in general, a change from simple to polymeric counterions leads to increasing attraction between micelles, condensing them in a concentrated phase. In the present study, two novel “complex salts” were prepared in which the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium was neutralized by two different copolyions, both having poly(methacrylate) main chains randomly decorated w

Computational and experimental methods have been used to investigate the flow field, power and mixing time in a fully baffled stirred vessel with two six-blade Rushton turbines. Flow in a stirred tank involves interactions between flow around rotating impeller blades and stationary baffles. In computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the flow field was developed using the sliding mesh (SM) approach. Th

A model commonly used to describe the separation of biomolecules was used to simulate the harsh environment when eluting neodymium, samarium, europium and gadolinium with a hot acid. After calibration, the model was used to optimise the preparative separation of europium, as this is the most valuable of the four elements. A kinetic dispersive model with a Langmuir mobile phase modulator isotherm w

This paper pursues the idea that uninterpretable features are not present in syntax, but are instead a product of the interfaces. In particular, it argues that formal feature values belong to PF only, i.e., that they are not syntactic objects but PF ‘translations’ of more abstract syntactic structures and correlations. It follows that case is nonexistent in syntax and it also follows that agreemen

The effect of ozone additive on the enhancement of the burning velocity for premixed methane-air flames is investigated by both experimental measurements and kinetic simulations. Laminar burning velocities with and without O(3) were directly measured using the Heat Flux method. The O(3) molecules were introduced into the system by a dielectric-barrier-discharge ozone generator installed in the O(2

Using the ATLAS detector, a centrality-dependent suppression has been observed in the yield of J/psi mesons produced in the collisions of lead ions at the Large Hadron Collider. In a sample of minimum-bias lead-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre of mass energy root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 6.7 mu b(-1), J/psi mesons are reconstructed via their d

Reaction of tris[6-(2-hydroxymethyl)pyridylmethyl]amine, tpa(OH)(3), with (VOSO4)-O-IV center dot 5H(2)O resulted in an unexpected redox reaction producing [(VLH)-L-III][(VLH2)-L-III][PF6](3)center dot 1.5H(2)O (where H3L is bis(2-hydroxymethylpyridyl)(2-carboxypyridylmethyl)amine). This reaction is interesting in the light of the ability of ascidians to accumulate V-III by reduction of V-V from s

We consider 4-dimensional Lie groups with left-invariant Riemannian metrics. For such groups we classify left-invariant conformal foliations with minimal leaves of codimension 2. These foliations produce local complex-valued harmonic morphisms.

Previous studies have demonstrated a correlation between diet cost and adherence to nutritional recommendations among consumers in general. This has adverse effects on diet and health inequality. It could be hypothesized that consumers knowledgeable in nutrition escape this correlation.

Internal communication is often regarded as a management tool that can be organized and used to improve organizational results. This traditional, and simplistic view is problematic since organizational reality is becoming more and more complex and fluid. The aim of this article is to propose an emergent co-worker perspective that can increase our understanding of internal communication in times of

For the classical space of functions with bounded mean oscillation, it is well known that and there are many characterizations of the distance from a function f in to . When considering the Bloch space, results in the same vein are available with respect to the little Bloch space. In this paper such duality results and distance formulas are obtained by pure functional analysis. Applications includ

Early research on business angels recognized a couple of methodological obstacles that significantly have hindered knowledge accumulation about the phenomenon. In this article we will reflect upon these methodological obstacles with focus on definitional issues and sampling techniques. The purpose is to provide a framework that systemizes and inter-relates the variety of definitions within the fie

Disparate ecological datasets are often organized into databases post hoc and then analyzed and interpreted in ways that may diverge from the purposes of the original data collections. Few studies, however, have attempted to quantify how biases inherent in these data (for example, species richness, replication, climate) affect their suitability for addressing broad scientific questions, especially

More than ever before, the world's increasing need for new infrastructure demands the construction of efficient, sustainable and durable buildings, requiring minimal climate-changing gas-generation in their production. Maintenance-free "greener" building materials made from blended cements have advantages over ordinary Portland cements, as they are cheaper, generate less carbon dioxide and are mor

Sound production in fish is widespread and occurs in several contexts, such as species recognition, mate choice, and aggression. However, there is little experimental evidence for the importance of acoustic signals in social contexts and the influence of sound on mating decisions of females. Cichlid fish are known for their bright nuptial coloration, which plays an important role in mate choice an

Early childhood education in Sweden has long had an international reputation for being a systemic and integrated approach to children’s needs, a family model of preschool centers and an interest in the holistic development and well-being of children. Recent changes occurring in Europe and elsewhere in education along with the reforms implemented by the Conservative government that has been in powe