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The Compatibility of Limitation on Benefits Provisions in Tax Treaties with EC Law

Most bilateral tax treaties contain provisions with the objective of preventing different types of treaty abuse. Limitation on benefits clauses are an example of such provisions, and are generally found in United States tax treaties. These include various tests, which need to be fulfilled by a taxpayer wishing to enjoy the benefits of a tax treaty. Most of the United States tax treaties with EU Me

Det svenska bodelningsinstitutet; särskilt om jämkning i ett nordiskt perspektiv

I normalfallet medför bodelning vid äktenskapsskillnad att parterna skall tilldelas hälften var ur boet. Är skillnaden mellan makarnas förmögenheter stor blir därmed resultatet av en bodelning att den ena maken ''förlorar'' mycket medan den andra maken ''vinner'' en ansenlig del. Har äktenskapet varit långvarigt och har makarnas ekonomier till följd därav sammanblan

The Role of the European Court of Justice in the Protection of Fundamental rights - A Satisfactory System of Human Rights Protection ?

The Court of Justice's ability to enforce a satisfactory system of human rights protection for the European Union has been questioned over the years and still is today. For, despite the changing and increasingly improved status of fundamental rights within the Community legal order, the development of the general principles doctrine and fundamental rights are subject to a number of criticisms.

Konkurrensklausuler i anställningsavtal

Konkurrensklausuler i anställningsavtal har på senare år blivit en allt vanligare företeelse på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. En konkurrensklausul har till syfte att förhindra spridning av företagshemligheter och företagsspecifikt kunnande efter anställningens upphörande. Klausulen begränsar arbetstagarens möjligheter att ta anställning hos en konkurrent till den före detta arbetsgivaren, eller att

Mervärdesbeskattning av subventioner

Det huvudsakliga syftet med mervärdesskatten är av en fiskal karaktär, dvs. att finansiera den offentliga verksamheten. Syftet för utformningen av mervärdesskatten är att den ska fungera som en konsumtionsskatt. Mervärdesskatten ska vara avdragsgill genom hela konsumtionskedjan fram till den slutgiltige konsumenten som ska bära skatten. Då mervärdesskatten är en konsumtionsskatt passar subventione

Relationen mellan Due Diligence och garantier vid företagsöverlåtelser

Förvärvsavtalen vid företagsförvärv är ofta mycket omfattande rättsliga instrument i vilka parterna så långt som möjligt söker reglera sina inbördes förhållanden med anledning av transaktionen. Parterna vill med en uttömmande reglering avtalsvägen mellan parterna skapa förutsägbarhet, något som får anses vara vanligt i merparten av kommersiella sammanhang. Redan vid avtalsslutet strävar parterna e

The Water Framework Directive - the effectiveness of the law implementing the Water Framework Directive in England and Wales

The Water Framework Directive adopted in December 2000 was to be implemented by the Member States within three years. It requires a holistic approach to be taken towards water resource management and obligates Member States to implement measures that will achieve a general water quality of ''good status'' by 2015. The legal mechanisms required to implement the measures were therefo

Produktansvaret gentemot konsumenter - En komparativ undersökning mellan USA och Sverige

Denna uppsats syftar till att beskriva och jämföra det utomobligatoriska strikta produktansvaret i USA och i Sverige. Många har hört talas om de enorma skadeståndsbelopp som ett flertal gånger har dömts ut till enskilda personer i USA, på grund av personskador orsakade av bristfälliga produkter. Varför det inte ser ut på samma sätt i Sverige och vilka skillnader som föreligger mellan länderna är i

Internationella brottmålsdomstolen - en garanti för rättvisa?

Trots att tanken på en internationell domstol funnits sedan första världskrigets slut dröjde det ytterligare nästan 80 år innan den blev förverkligad. Vid arbetet av uppförandet av domstolen användes i stor utsträckning de två ad- hoc-domstolar som hanterat brott begångna under konflikterna i forna Jugoslavien och i Rwanda som förebilder. Men medan de två nämnda tribunalerna sattes upp genom FN-ma

Anxious Dads and Depressed Moms : Child Disability and the Mental Health of Parents

Having a child with a disability undoubtedly affects parents in many ways, including their well-being. However, the specific mental health trajectories of parents, differentiated by the severity of impairments and parental roles, remain under-explored. We investigate the mental-health effects of having a child with a disability. Using individual-level register data from Sweden, we exploit the epid

Entrepreneurial ecosystems in the informal economy : a case study of mototaxi drivers in Colombia

In this chapter, we evaluate how the concept of the entrepreneurial ecosystem - a systemic approach to regional economic development that is receiving increased attention from both policymakers and academics - can assist in analysing and understanding the informal economy. We argue that despite the focus of entrepreneurial ecosystems on high-growth entrepreneurship, the ‘systemic’ perspective of t

Branch actions and the structure lattice

J. S. Wilson proved in 1971 an isomorphism between the structural lattice associated to a group belonging to his second class of groups with every proper quotient finite and the Boolean algebra of clopen subsets of Cantor’s ternary set. In this paper we generalize this isomorphism to the class of branch groups. Moreover, we show that for every faithful branch action of a group G on a spherically h

Distal Radius Fractures

Being the most common of the upper extremity fractures, the distal radius fracture rightfully earns its attraction. In a global population rapidly growing older, the number of patients with a distal radius fracture will increase. Innovative devices have been developed in the last few decades to restore the anatomy. The well-trained surgeon has all the options to fix the majority of fractures in an

The spectrum of esophagitis in patients living with HIV – a scoping review

Esophageal lesions are common findings in disorders of the digestive tract in patients living with HIV, the most typical symptoms being odynophagia and/or dysphagia. This article provides a narrative review of the spectrum of esophagitis in patients living with HIV, focusing on fungal, viral, bacterial and non-infectious etiologies, as well as co-infections with viral hepatitis viruses. The articl

Organisational-level risk and health-promoting factors within the healthcare sector—a systematic search and review

Introduction: The healthcare sector is globally experiencing increasing demands and workplace interventions on an organisational level is sought to create healthy workplaces. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of Nordic research on the work environment and health of healthcare professionals, with a focus on identifying organisational-level risk and health-promoting factors. Methods:

Impacts of using Different Semiconductor Technologies on Drivetrain Optimization

In electric passenger vehicles with modest performance the drivetrain usually consists of one inverter, one electrical machine and a single-speed transmission. The inverter is typically a two-level inverter using either Si IGBT transistors with an anti-parallel Si diode, or a SiC MOSFET transistor with or without an anti-parallel diode. The benefits of selecting SiC MOSFET as semiconductor technol

Design, Incentives and Outcomes: Essays on Allocation Under Constraints

This thesis comprises three self-contained chapters that explore how individual behavior, incentives, and institutional frameworks shape the allocation of scarce resources, with particular emphasis on healthcare markets. The first chapter examines the impact of intrinsic truth-telling preferences on consumer welfare within a priority pricing mechanism, in which individuals can gain faster access t